How To Handle Dachshund Aggression Issues

I know, right… you’re probably looking at the cute picture below of my dachshund and wondering how on earth a little dog with such an affectionate and lovable personality could ever demonstrate any aggressive traits? However, it is an issue we have definitely encountered with our boy over the years, and especially earlier this year when we had to remove our dachshund from daycare due to the emergence of some aggressive traits. While our daycare were suggesting that his behaviour was aggression fuelled “dominance”, and this absolutely can be a reason for aggression in dogs of any breed (not just dachshunds), it’s typically not the main reason, with other underlying issues being a more likely cause such as fear, anxiety, pain or even resource guarding or territorial behaviour. I also consulted with a behaviourist at the time, who also confirmed that the likely reasons in my dog’s case were fear or anxiety related, and possibly also resource and territory related responses, both of which are possible to address through training.

Identifying Aggression in Dachshunds

Aggression in dachshunds can manifest in various ways, including growling, snapping, and biting. It's essential to recognise these behaviours early and understand their potential causes, which as mentioned above can range from fear and anxiety to territoriality or even pain. In our dachshund for example, he has a tendency to resource guard and be territorial over spaces such as the house, his bed and the sofa, and also displays anxiety in situations where he is overstimulated, leading to and growling and sometimes snapping “warning” response.

Causes of Aggression

Fear

As mentioned, aggression in dachshunds can often stem from fear and they can have a tendency to have nervous or anxious traits. When a dachshund feels threatened or overwhelmed, it might respond defensively by growling, barking, or even snapping. Fear-based aggression can be triggered by unfamiliar environments, encounters with strangers, or interactions with other animals. These dogs are small and can feel particularly vulnerable in certain situations, making them more likely to react aggressively as a way to protect themselves. Recognising and addressing the specific fears your dachshund experiences is one of the main ways of managing this behaviour.

Territoriality

Dachshunds can be quite protective dogs, which can sometimes manifest as territorial aggression, especially when they perceive their space or belongings are being threatened. Whether it’s their home, bed, or favourite toy, dachshunds may bark, growl, or lunge at perceived intruders. This behaviour, while instinctual, can become problematic if left unchecked, particularly when directed at visiting friends or family members. Establishing boundaries and teaching your dachshund to feel secure in their environment can help reduce territorial aggression.

Pain

Aggression in dachshunds can be a sign of pain or discomfort. Dachshunds are prone to health issues like intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), which can cause significant back pain. Other conditions like hip dysplasia can also affect dachshunds. When in pain, dachshunds may react defensively to being touched, picked up, handled or even approached in certain ways. Owners might mistake this behaviour for sudden aggression without realising it’s a response to physical discomfort. Regular veterinary check-ups and being mindful of your dachshund’s physical condition can help identify and alleviate pain-related aggression.

Lack of Socialisation

A lack of proper socialisation during puppyhood is another common cause of aggression in dachshunds. Dogs that haven’t been exposed to a variety of people, animals, and environments early in life can become fearful or anxious in new situations. This fear often translates into aggressive and fearful behaviours such as barking, snapping, or avoiding interactions altogether. Socialisation is key to raising a confident, well-adjusted dachshund. Gradual and positive exposure to different settings can help your dog feel more comfortable and reduce fear-based aggression.

Resource Guarding

Some dachshunds may exhibit resource guarding, a type of aggression where they fiercely protect items they value. This could include food, toys, or even their human companions. For example, a dachshund might growl or snap if someone approaches their food bowl or tries to take away a favourite toy. While resource guarding is a natural behaviour, it can become problematic if it escalates or poses a safety risk. Training your dachshund to share and using techniques to build trust can help reduce this type of aggression over time.

Strategies for Managing Aggression

Professional Assessment

If your dachshund is showing signs of aggression, the first and most important step is to consult a veterinarian. Aggression can often be a symptom of underlying health issues, such as pain, hormonal imbalances, or neurological problems. Ruling out medical causes ensures that you’re addressing the root of the issue. Once health concerns have been eliminated, working with a professional dog trainer or behaviourist is highly recommended. These experts can assess your dachshund’s specific triggers and behaviours, creating a tailored training plan to address aggression effectively and safely. I chose to work with a dachshund specialist dog trainer when we first started to experience real issues with our boy, and this was invaluable to get proper advice on how to address the specific needs of our dachshund.

Positive Reinforcement Training

Using positive reinforcement is one of the most effective ways to manage aggression in dachshunds. Rewarding your dog for good behaviour with treats, praise, or playtime encourages them to repeat these actions. For example, if your dachshund stays calm in a situation that would usually provoke aggression, immediately reward them to reinforce this response. Avoid using punishment, as it can increase fear and anxiety, potentially worsening aggression. Instead, focus on building trust and creating a positive association with previously challenging scenarios.

Socialisation

Proper socialisation is a powerful tool for reducing fear-based aggression in dachshunds. Gradually and positively exposing your dog to various situations, animals, and people can help them become more confident and less reactive. Start in a controlled environment and keep interactions positive and stress-free. For example, introduce your dachshund to a calm, friendly dog rather than a boisterous one, and reward calm behaviour throughout the interaction. Over time, consistent socialisation can significantly improve your dachshund’s comfort level in a range of different situations.

Establish Routine

Dachshunds thrive on routine, and a consistent daily schedule can help reduce their anxiety and aggression. Predictability in feeding times, walks, playtime, and rest periods helps your dog feel secure and in control of their environment. Unpredictable or chaotic routines can lead to heightened stress, which may trigger aggressive behaviour. Establishing and sticking to a clear structure in their day can have a calming effect, making them less reactive in situations that might previously have caused aggression.

Environmental Management

Creating a safe and comfortable environment for your dachshund is also really important, especially when they feel overwhelmed. It’s a good idea to provide them with a designated space, such as a quiet room or a crate, where they can retreat when needed. Crate training can be controversial among dog owners, however I’m a big advocate of making this a safe space that the dog has a choice to retreat to when needed. This space should be stocked with their favourite toys, a soft bed, and perhaps a calming aid like a blanket that smells familiar. Encouraging your dachshund to use this area during stressful times, such as when visitors arrive, can help them feel secure and reduce aggressive tendencies.

Exercise

Regular exercise and mental stimulation are essential for managing aggression caused by boredom or pent-up energy. Daily walks, playtime, and activities like scent games or puzzle toys can help channel your dachshund’s energy into positive outlets. Dachshunds are intelligent dogs and enjoy tasks that challenge their minds as well as their bodies. Ensuring they receive adequate stimulation reduces frustration and keeps their behaviour balanced and calm. A tired, content dachshund is far less likely to display aggression than one with excess energy to burn.

Preventing Aggression

Prevention is always better than cure. Early socialisation, consistent training, and a loving, secure environment can significantly reduce the chances of aggression developing. Understanding your dachshund's body language and respecting their limits can also prevent aggressive responses.

When to Seek Help

If your dachshund's aggression escalates or becomes unmanageable, it's really important to seek professional help. A behaviourist can work with you and your pet to identify the causes of aggression and develop a customised plan to address them.

While aggression in dachshunds can be challenging, it can often be managed and resolved with patience, understanding, and the right approach. By recognising the signs of aggression, understanding its causes, and implementing effective strategies, you can help your dachshund lead a happy, balanced life.